The pursuit of critical energy transition minerals in Zambia, such as lead, copper, cobalt, and manganese, has led to significant environmental and public health challenges in various mining towns across the country. Despite the potential economic benefits, many communities are facing evictions, land degradation, and human rights abuses as a result of unsustainable mining practices.
In the Luapula Province, the pursuit of manganese has resulted in widespread pollution of rivers and streams, impacting the health and livelihoods of local residents. Women in these communities have been forced into illegal artisanal mining, facing unsafe working conditions and minimal pay.
Furthermore, the town of Kabwe in the Central Province continues to grapple with lead contamination from a closed zinc and lead mine, causing severe health issues among residents, particularly children. Studies have shown that lead poisoning is prevalent in many Zambian towns, with mining and smelting activities being the primary sources of contamination.
As Zambia seeks to capitalize on its wealth of critical minerals, there is a growing need for sustainable and inclusive mining practices that prioritize environmental protection and the well-being of local communities. The government must harmonize land-related laws, implement environmental impact assessments, and ensure proper mine rehabilitation to mitigate the negative impacts of mining activities.
Efforts to address these issues include the establishment of initiatives like the Women’s Land Rights and Climate Justice Project, aimed at empowering women in mining-host communities to advocate for their rights and hold mining companies accountable for their actions. However, greater collaboration between government agencies, stakeholders, and community members is essential to achieving a balance between economic development and environmental preservation in Zambia’s mining industry.
